AI Essentials for Educators

Okay, so my video is a bit longer than 5 minutes, but I swear there’s a reason! My video tour is presented as a mock news segment with Artie Smarts, an animated robot newscaster. I went with this format to keep things conversational and fun while still walking through the project in detail, drawing on Mayer’s (2009) personalization principle to show that professional learning can be engaging as well as practical. The playful opening, a few jokes, and the closing segment were all part of setting that tone and holding attention — though they do push the video slightly past the suggested runtime. I was having a lot of fun making it (using a combination of Adobe Express, Apple Clips, and CapCut), and I hope that comes through when you watch.

Sometimes you plan something and follow your itinerary to the letter; other times, despite your best intentions, another path calls to you and you end up going in a completely different direction. Such was the case with my learning throughout ETEC 524. In hindsight, it’s probably not surprising that my main work ended up focusing on AI and educators; it is a topic I’ve been almost obsessively engaged with for the past two years. But this was not where I initially set out to go in May.

My original goal was to outline and begin developing a hybrid online/classroom course for Grade 11/12 students, centred on skill development and mastery in an area of their choice. I’ve long wanted to create space for students who are not drawn to more traditional academic programming to pursue a deep dive into something meaningful to them. However, as the course unfolded, I shifted toward building a professional development module for educators in my school division. This shift came partly from recognizing the immediate usefulness of such a resource, and partly from seeing an opportunity to help teachers design more accessible, less cluttered Edsby environments for their students.

When I compared my initial and final projects, I noticed that both aimed at the same underlying challenge: addressing crucial shortcomings in current pedagogical models. The difference was that the PD module would allow me to act on these ideas sooner and in a context where I could model thoughtful technology use for colleagues as well as students. That reframing not only changed the direction of my final assignment, but also reframed how I now think about my role as a teacher-librarian — not just supporting student learning directly, but shaping the digital spaces and professional practices that make deeper learning possible.

I suppose we always live in ‘interesting times’, but the phrase seems particularly apropos of our current moment. Large Language Model tools, economic models that incentivize the capture of our attention and data, and political dialogue are currently shaking the foundation of what it means to learn, and therefore what it means to teach. I leave this course with many great resources to strengthen my toolbox, but also quite a few existential questions about where we move on from here.

In terms of resources, several were especially important in shaping my thinking throughout the course. I’m always one for an acronym, and Bates’ (2015) SECTIONS model and its clear breakdown of considerations for technology selection was a very helpful frame. I still struggle with it in some ways, but only because I see that it may lead organizations to prioritize immediate cost over sustainability. Of course, this is a systemic issue. Planned obsolescence, increasing energy demands, and security and privacy issues create a scenario where tech requires frequent updating and replacement, while the majority of companies that have significant interest in developing hardware and software run on a model of infinite profit and growth. This results in devices where parts can’t be swapped out, or where our data is traded like a commodity. Fighting against this means using open source or older technologies that require more in-house tech support, and often significantly less ease of use. I can’t help but worry that we’re paying out of our future for ease of use today.

Outcome development and assessment was another area of growth for me. Given my role in the public school system, I am much more familiar with assessing by outcomes that have been provided to me, rather than creating those outcomes myself. My part one of my second assignment showed my weakness in that area. Assessing for PD learning rather than an academic course was something that I hadn’t really thought about. In most of my school-based PD learning experience, assessment seems to boil down to your name being on the attendance sheet, or (for online modules), a series of automatically graded multiple choice and true/false questions that staff often did as a group. But we know that simply being in the room isn’t learning something, and that tests generally only measure lower-order skills (Mazur, 2013). As such, Mazur’s suggestions to improve assessment by mimicking real life, focusing on feedback not ranking, and assessing skills rather than content were especially useful, and I tried to mindfully incorporate them into the activities I planned in my unit. His fourth point about resolving the coach/judge conflict is tricky for online learning especially, as instructors are often spread more thinly. For older users, peer and self-assessment can be a useful workaround.

Media literacy (particularly around images, and also video)has also emerged for me as an essential skill for both students and educators. Yousman’s (2016) discussion of speed versus depth, appearances versus analysis, and the emotional pull of images resonates strongly with my concerns about online-only learning. In a digital environment where learners are often inundated with visuals, the skill to pause, question, and analyze becomes a prerequisite for critical engagement.

Ultimately, this course has left me feeling more positive about the state of in-person teaching, and with significant question marks about the long-term sustainability of online-only-asynchronous education — especially given generative AI’s rise. Many edtech tools, whether devices, applications, or Learning Management Systems, allow for holistic application of UDL principles into a blended learning environment; a fully inclusive environment that allows for multiple means of engagement, representation, and action & expression (Bourlova, 2025). But assessing learning without a real connection to the learner in an online-only environment becomes increasingly challenging in a world where almost anything can be made for you in seconds. When we are digitally siloed, it becomes far too easy to “other” the entire world. Bringing learning back to community, even in a hybrid format, becomes a moral as well as a pedagogical imperative.

This is why I leave this course particularly invigorated to see how learning technologies can be applied to hybrid environments, especially in the realm of professional development. When I plan professional development in schools, I often hear how great it is to have bespoke learning that is relevant, personalized, and even a bit fun when topics are difficult. I know, though, that these sessions are limited in their universal design, as some individuals need more time to process, different modalities, or repeated exposure to key ideas. What if this kind of work can be done at my divisional level to plan PD that reaches more of us, on locally relevant topics, and what if that trickles into our classrooms? One next step I see is reaching out to upper administration to share my vision of hybrid-learning PD using our Edsby system. I don’t know of anyone within my division with this specific background and training, and I wonder if I might be able to shape a role for myself in this space. McErlean’s (2018) work on interactive narratives also strikes me as especially relevant here — using immersion to engage participants while still controlling the delivery of key content. I think hybrid learning could benefit greatly from this balance.

I’m also especially interested in making Open Educational Resources that align with UDL standards. In creating accessible and Creative Commons-licensed resources, I can work toward reducing the paywall creep that has marked the shift from the open optimism of the Web 2.0 era to today’s increasingly commercialized edtech landscape. This work would not only address accessibility and equity concerns but also provide sustainable, adaptable materials that could serve both students and educators long after their initial creation. In my job as a teacher-librarian, I can promote the heck out of these resources to teachers; we don’t have to be in the pocket of big textbook anymore.

This course has reinforced for me that educational technology is at its best when it strengthens human connection, promotes equity, and cultivates critical engagement; not when it simply delivers content faster or more efficiently. The challenge, especially in “interesting times,” is to hold on to those values in the face of rapid change, commercialization, and the seductive ease of automation. My next steps (from advocating for hybrid, UDL-informed professional development to creating accessible OERs) are grounded in a belief that technology should expand possibilities for both teachers and learners, without locking us into closed systems or shallow engagement. The tools will keep changing, but the responsibility to use them thoughtfully remains the same.

References

Bates, T. (2014). Choosing and using media in education: The SECTIONS model. In Teaching in digital age. Retrieved from https://opentextbc.ca/teachinginadigitalage/part/9-pedagogical-differences-between-media

Bourlova, T. (2025). Week 8: Creating Content. [Lecture Notes] UBC Canvas. https://canvas.ubc.ca

Issa, T., & Isaias, P. (2022). Sustainable design : HCI, usability and environmental concerns. Springer.

Mayer, R. E. (2009). Multimedia learning (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press.

McErlean, K. (2018). Interactive narrative. In Interactive narratives and transmedia storytelling: Creating immersive stories across new media platforms (pp. 120-151). New York: Routledge.

The New London Group. (1996). A pedagogy of multiliteracies: Designing social futures. Harvard Educational Review, 66(1), 60–93.

Yousman, B. (2016). The text and the image: Media literacy, pedagogy, and generational divides. In J. Frechette & R. Williams (Eds.), Media education for a digital generation (pp. 157-170).

Assignment 2 – Part 2 – Reflection Time

AI Essentials for Educators; one step closer to reality

I love a good digital story—that’s the teacher‑librarian in me. So when Part II called for one, I went big. I split the module into three chunks: a gentle, non‑academic primer on LLM limitations; Shannon Vallor’s short talk on AI as a mirror; a practical on‑ramp via a choose‑your‑own‑adventure (CYOA) story; and then some hands on AI tool interaction. My audience (Senior Years teachers new to gen‑AI) was not going to read Crawford’s Atlas of AI or Noble’s Algorithms of Oppression, so I let Clippee do the ranting instead.

I actually started in Twine, but Edsby doesn’t play nicely with Twine embeds. Google Sites would have worked, but I wanted to model inside the LMS they already use. So I pivoted to Canva. That constraint forced me to prune eight branches down to four core scenarios. I think this was ultimately a blessing, because it sharpened the key myths I needed teachers to bump into. Guided by Bruner’s claim that “practice in discovering for oneself” makes knowledge more usable in problem solving (Bruner, 1961), the branching story lets teachers feel the pitfalls before I name them. In Bruner’s “hypothetical mode,” learners aren’t “bench‑bound listeners” but co‑constructors; every click in the story and every prompt revision in the lab puts them in that role.

Multimodality mattered too. The New London Group’s push for multiliteracies (1996) and UDL principles nudged me to balance text, images, and short audio clips. I recorded voices in CapCut (yes, shameless self‑promotion—I want invites to co‑teach CYOA projects). Vallor’s mirror metaphor (2024) shaped Clippee’s tone: he “magnifies” what the AI quietly distorted, echoing Crawford’s critique of data extraction and Noble’s warnings about encoded bias. But in a much more accessible way.

Try out Teacher’s AI Adventure!

Within the walls of my module, H5P’s paywall (thanks, D2L) pushed me to CurrikiStudio for the formative checks. That choice wasn’t just budget—Curriki is something teachers can actually replicate in their own Edsby pages tomorrow, without approvals or fees. Peer interaction is Edsby’s Achilles’ heel, so I farmed discussion to Padlet. It’s clunky to add another tool, but the final course task also lives on Padlet, so repeated exposure helps. I even seeded sample posts so no one stares at a blank board.

Overall, this module blends hands‑on pragmatism with just enough theory for what my audience needs: useful, not heavy.

References

Bruner, J. S. (1961). The act of discovery. Harvard Educational Review, 31(1), 21–32.
Crawford, K. (2020). Atlas of AI. Yale University Press.
New London Group. (1996). A pedagogy of multiliteracies: Designing social futures. Harvard Educational Review, 66(1), 60–92.
Noble, S. U. (2018). Algorithms of oppression. NYU Press.
Vallor, S. (2024). AI is a mirror of humanity [Video]. Institute of Art and Ideas.

477 – Digital Storytelling

; a reflection

My Final Vision project is a guide to digital storytelling, which stayed true to my brainstormed outline, which you can read in my last post here. Most of it is a curated list of apps and resources, but the most significant portion of the project ended up being an approximately 5 minute video that I storyboarded, filmed, found sound effects/music,  and recorded voice-overs for. 

There were two major changes from my initial vision for the project. The first was that I had initially wanted to use Adobe Spark Page to compile the guide, as I hadn’t worked with it before and I thought it would be suitable. The more I worked with it, though, the more I realized that it wasn’t ideal for a project of this size; it provided no way to jump between sections of the page. I was worried that this would decrease the accessibility and ease of use, so I made a mid-project move to Microsoft Sway. Sway has a feature that allows you to jump from heading to heading in the document that works well on both computers and devices with touch and non-touch screens, and when I sent examples of both to friends, the Sway version always won. 

Secondly, I had said that I was going to use the simpler Adobe Spark Video editor to compile my how-to video. While I think that the production value might have been nicer if I had stuck to that model, there were many features that I could not get access to (like having the capability for 2-3 audio files at a time and autokey for green screen , for example). And thus, I decided to bring out Adobe Premiere Pro – which I had never used before last week. Fortunately, there are officially YouTube tutorials for E V E R Y T H I N G and although I could hardly upload a clip into a sequence at first and spent 20 minutes trying to unlink video and audio files from one another, by the end I felt… moderately successful. I learned some important lessons about ensuring consistent screen size between video clips that will come in handy the next time I do this. It was a big project – but I wasn’t going anywhere last week (spring break here in Manitoba, on top of school being suspended) so what else was I going to do? 

I am thankful for the opportunity to be able to play with and try out some technology and tech skills I had never personally used before. This included time-lapse video, trying out the new Samson Meteor Mics that I got for a podcasting station at school, and green screens. It was overwhelming to look through all the apps and programs that are out there that could be used for digital storytelling. Ultimately, I tried to keep my recommendations limited to an entry level + a slightly more complex option for most types of apps. There are still so many things that I could have/maybe should have listed. However, I tell myself that this project can be updated as I find new and wonderful things to try. If you have any suggestions, I’m all ears! 

Below you will find a video that shows you how you can navigate through my project from section to section. I think that it’s best viewed from start to finish, but if you are returning to refer to a specific resource – the navigation is handy.  

If you don’t want to read my entire project and just want to skip to the good stuff, this vid’s for you!

The cornerstone of the project is definitely my how-to video, but there are other videos to check out. The ones in the app section are simply to give a bit more background into some of the apps. I do recommend watching the example projects at the end. I’m pretty fond of those. So… without further ado here’s my project:

https://bit.ly/477storytelling – this is rather anticlimactic – sadly WordPress doesn’t support iframe embeds 🙁

If you know someone who could use it – send it their way 🙂 

If you’d rather just watch the digital story about digital storytelling that I made, you can just watch the video below.

I learned that video editing is hard.

It’s been a pleasure getting to know and work with you all over the last several months. Although I probably won’t see you at any PD (unless you’re making a trip to Manitoba), I look forward to keeping an eye on your blogs and Twitter feeds. Until then.  To those of you who are done your course work – congrats!

All the best, keep your distance and wash your hands,  

Morgan 

477 – Keeping an audience in mind

; planning to hit my mark

Whelp. I’m finally coming up for air. This past week has seen the world change forever in my neck of the woods and probably yours too. You maybe are even a week or more into it. Fortunately I was a bit ahead of myself in my coursework – but I know that I haven’t even looked at other blog posts from last week yet. Now that we are no longer in class, I will have a bit of time to sit down and catch up.

Everything that I have written below in black font, was written in the world before. Now, as we in Manitoba enter this new world, my coursework seems to be even more important and relevant. How do I teach students to do these things from a distance, with no consistent technological access? Stay tuned.

Keep calm, wash your hands and stay at home, friends.

Last week, I set up a beginning outline for my final vision assignment. The project would be posted using Adobe Spark Page, and would be a digital trove of information on Digital Storytelling. I envision it as a website/article hybrid. This project would be designed mainly as a resource for teachers who don’t know where to start with digital storytelling in the classroom. The outline is tentatively as follows,  

1) What is digital storytelling? 

2) Why you should be doing it. 

3) A step by step guide – featuring a digital story how-to video made with the Adobe Creative Cloud.

4) Lists of helpful apps and programs.

5) ‘Tips and Tricks’ videos.

6) Some sample project ideas. 

7) Useful handouts for students.

8) Some examples of digital storytelling projects.

It’s funny how the human brain works. Until I sat down and looked at this week’s question, I had never really thought of framing this project in any way other than at other teachers. It is interesting to me that my brain went so automatically to something aimed at educators rather than students. There probably is a definite need for resources on digital storytelling for students, in student friendly language. In many ways the best learning is that which is self-motivated.  

I was reminded of this on Sunday, driving while listening to the program Tapestry on CBC Radio.  Frank Kadillac, the Juno nominated singer of pop duo Neon Dreams, was being interviewed. I was struck listening to Frank as he talked about falling in love with the guitar as a kid – wanting one so badly that he drew out a paper fret board and strings on four sheets of paper and practiced playing chords and songs from tabs that he found on the internet. This kid took a marker and the internet and turned it into a career. I want to help kids do that. 

This video seems appropriate for the times in which we are living.

But, then I am torn by the knowledge that frequently the teacher is the person who makes project decisions in the classroom, and so I need to make them more likely to buy into this as an option. And what is it that makes some of our staff such reluctant technology integrators? Factors that get in the way of teacher usage of technology have been reported to include things like “negative attitudes towards computers, technology incompetence, passive school support policy, different pedagogical beliefs and limited access to technology tools” (Chen et al, 2019). Another study concluded that beliefs about what makes a “good” education needs to be a part of any professional development for teachers (Tondeur et al, 2016). My main audience are the teachers who are less likely to use technology in innovative ways with their classes. 

To counter this, I am going to include rationale in my project, connecting Digital Storytelling to 21st century skills to help tie this to modern knowledge about what constitutes a good education.  To help with feelings of technological incompetence and negative attitudes towards computers, I will provide step by step instructions and offer to join teachers as a co-teacher when they are providing Digital Storytelling opportunities to their class, or run smaller sessions where I completely take the lead. I hope that this project will work towards providing support to teachers, alleviating feelings of a lack of support from the school. To ward off limited access issues, I have planned to teach basics using operating systems and programs that we have access through our division and/or that are available across different platforms.  

Why was I so set on planning this for educators? Ultimately, I do see my main audience as being teachers. However, I want many of the materials (especially videos) to be accessible to a student audience. They should be able to be used by educators as part of the digital storytelling experience in their classrooms. This is important for me to consider as I continue storyboarding and planning over the coming week –  this project will hopefully create a grab-and-go kit for teachers to use with their students. While teachers are my main audience, I must keep students in mind. 

Here is a first draft of a digital storytelling exemplar that I have put together for my Final Vision Project. The goal is to have materials that will engage students, as well as teachers. I learned some important things from this – especially the importance of a good microphone. Also it is missing the last 30 seconds. Better luck next time, I guess.

Sources

CBC Radio. (2020, March 13). “I’m gonna do my best to make music for people to heal to,” says Juno-nominated Frank Kadillac of Neon Dreams. CBC. https://www.cbc.ca/radio/tapestry/i-m-gonna-do-my-best-to-make-music-for-people-to-heal-to-says-juno-nominated-frank-kadillac-of-neon-dreams-1.5492657

‌Chen, M., Zhou, C., Meng, C. et al. How to promote Chinese primary and secondary school teachers to use ICT to develop high-quality teaching activities. Education Tech Research Dev 67, 1593–1611 (2019). https://doi-org.ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/10.1007/s11423-019-09677-0 

Tondeur, J., van Braak, J., Ertmer, P.A. et al. Understanding the relationship between teachers’ pedagogical beliefs and technology use in education: a systematic review of qualitative evidence. Education Tech Research Dev 65, 555–575 (2017). https://doi-org.ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/10.1007/s11423-016-9481-2 

Image Source

Numerous targets on a wall with darts in them. [Photo]. Retrieved from Encyclopædia Britannica ImageQuest.
https://quest.eb.com/search/167_3991301/1/167_3991301/cite

477 – Overwhelming Visions

; a post in which I try to find a purpose

This week’s assignment has left me feeling a tad overwhelmed. At the start of the course, I focused on Digital Storytelling, which you can read more about in posts here (in which I narrow down my topics of interest), here (in which I find pertinent resources) and here (in which I ruminate on what I found and didn’t find). At the end of Reading Review 3, I bemoaned the fact that while I could find lots of information out there for the who, what, when, where and why of digital storytelling; I felt like there needed to be a how. 

And so, I’m thinking that a how-to is the next step. But what exactly am I how-to-ing? A key idea about Digital Storytelling is that it’s anything that contains digital multimodalities to create meaning – this could be countless things. What format do I choose then?  

Another issue that has caused me some grief is that I want this project to somehow create connections between people, ideally on a global level. Simply putting something out there on the internet doesn’t mean others are going to engage with it at all. And this project might rely on technologies that are out of reach for many around the globe. How do I reconcile myself with these issues? I do not have an answer to this question. 

Potential final project ideas or parts

After some brainstorming, I had several potential options:

– Create a digital video using Adobe Premiere Pro explaining the how-to process for creating a digital story. This would take viewers through the steps of planning and creating a digital story through my story of completing this course. 

– Use Adobe Spark Page to create an interactive how-to guide, less focused on video created by myself and instead linking to content created by others, but still working through the process and tips for digital storytelling. 

– Same as above but use Microsoft Sway. 

– Create a green screen tutorial to share with students and staff. 

– Create a sample student project, complete with an example, outline and important resources. 

– Some combination of the above, most likely an interactive digital how-to-guide with examples and including a resource collection of important materials and documents to provide for students during the planning phase, and apps that they might use during creation. 

I think I’m leaning towards the last example, with a combination of video created by myself, and linked resources from others. Because there is so much to do for this project, I probably won’t use Premiere Pro, but will instead use Spark Video, which seems like it has a much gentler learning curve. It also has fewer features, but I feel like going all out might be a bit overwhelming for students and staff anyway. 

We do have a Mac in the library that I could use for video editing, but 99% of the computers in the school run on Microsoft, so it makes sense to use the OS that the majority of students can access. All Grade 7 students in the division have just received access to many Adobe Creative Cloud programs, so it makes sense to use these resources. These can also be accessed from the small set of iPads that we have in the library, so it is accessible even on different operating systems. This work could also be done on student owned devices. 

Alright, but what’s the plan, Stan?

Right now, my planned outline looks like the following, which will be ultimately hosted using Adobe Spark Page, and featuring embedded videos and content. 

1) What is digital storytelling?

2) Why you should be doing it.

3) A step by step guide – featuring self made video edited using Spark Video.

4) Lists of helpful apps and programs 

5) ‘Tips and Trick’ videos (so far I have brainstormed that this should include green screen tips, storyboarding info, links to sites for CC images/sounds/videos

6) Some sample project ideas

7) Useful handouts for students (linked) 

8) Some example digital storytelling projects

In my last week’s blog post,  a reflection on our inquiry posts of the previous four weeks that you can see here I observed that the thread that wove our research together has been connection. I think in many ways, this project will serve this purpose. Students will be connected to important literacies that they are going to need in the future. Digital, technological, visual and information literacies are all readily apparent in the digital storytelling process through student use of cameras, production software, collecting appropriate multimedia, and the use of these things to create a more profound meaning. Students will also be connected to important skills like researching, writing, organization, technology, presentation, interviewing, interpersonal, problem solving and assessment.

Recently, I was fortunate enough to take a day’s Professional Development with Garfield Gini-Newman, and it focused heavily on the importance of creating rich learning tasks that don’t necessarily have a correct answer. I think that digital storytelling is just that; a truly rich learning task that will “challenge them to think and allow them to deepen their understanding over a period of time” (Newman & Case, 2018, p. 218). We can’t tell someone that their story is wrong, we can only suggest strategies to strengthen its telling. This will also hopefully give students the ability to connect what they are learning to themselves personally. 

If you haven’t, I would recommend checking out this great educational read on risk learning tasks.

When I am complete, I hope this project will connect teachers to the resources they need to start storytelling in their classrooms and give them the skills necessary to expand beyond the walls of their classrooms. I hope that it will also remind them of all the great Creative Commons resources that are available for use in multimedia projects. 

Sources

Gini-Newman, G., & Case, R. (2018). Creating thinking classrooms : leading educational change for this century. A Sage Company.

Sandu, A. (2017, September 28). 120+ Places To Find Creative Commons Media. SitePoint. https://www.sitepoint.com/creative-commons-sources/

Image Source

Future of the Earth, conceptual image. [Photograph]. Retrieved from Encyclopædia Britannica ImageQuest.
https://quest.eb.com/search/132_1352780/1/132_1352780/cite

Reading Review Part C

Digital Storytelling and Skills; reflecting on the process

What I love most about researching is that often the thing that you start out to find is just that – a starting point. One question leads to another and then another as you continue your winding path through your sources. It’s part of the reason that I was so drawn to social history during my undergrad years – we live our lives within the confines of what we know to be true,  but the world is so vast and we are so small that there is so much out there that we don’t even know that we don’t know.  

Pie chart showing:
A small slice labeled "stuff you know"
A slightly larger slice labeled "stuff you know you don't know"
Another slighty larger slice labeled "stuff you think you know you don't know"
The last 75% of the pie is labelled "Stuff you don't know you don't know"
Pie chart of what you know, as adapted by myself from a less safe for work Reddit post, here

In some ways that is comforting, in others terrifying. But for the first time in our existence, almost half of the world has access to the internet and the tools and apps that come with it. What we don’t know that we don’t know doesn’t have to be such a scary idea any more, and what matters instead is instilling connection, critical thinking, creativity, communication, curiosity, and the various literacies that students will require to access that knowledge – whether from connecting with others around the world, searching through the databases provided by the local public library, or listening to the stories of others on YouTube, podcasts or through social media. 

My goal was to focus my research on ways of encouraging fostering digital connection, along with a toolkit of strategies to help students manage working with technologies that are almost deliberately distracting. My initial list of search terms was the following: 

– Multimodal digital storytelling  

– Benefits of digital storytelling  

– Empathy and storytelling 

– Empathy development and technology

– Storytelling apps

– Digital storytelling tools

– Cognitive Load Management theory and skills

– Open source educational software

What ended up shifting

I ended up dropping some topics (like empathy and storytelling, empathy development and technology, and open source technology) because I felt that with them my topic wasn’t as focused, and that empathy was briefly discussed in the materials I had found about digital storytelling already. It also made sense, as I wanted my focus to be more practical than theoretical. I had significant success pulling together materials on digital storytelling and the applications and other tools that can be used in their creation. Cognitive load management,  however, was the most troublesome topic. I left the experience feeling that the two divides of philosophy in education about technology referenced by Richardson in Why School? eight years ago are still alive and well today. 

What I couldn’t find

My initial search terms were connected, but they were not necessarily things that a person would find all in the same place, although to successfully work in the Digital Storytelling medium you would need to have some sort of understanding of all of them. The one that didn’t make it into my Part B assignment was anything that had to do with Cognitive Load Management. Most articles that I could find, either through the UBC library, Google Scholar, or just a plain old Google search tended to be very academic and slightly off topic; instead many focused on cognitive load theory. Most zeroed in on successful retention in e-learning or more traditional teacher-led learning methods, not with hands-on learning experiences, and how to deal and sort between loads of incoming information. When I used quotation marks to search for “cognitive load management” + children my results plummeted from 110 069 to 54. The most frequently cited articles focused on strategies for persons with autism. I did happen to find one promising article on how “Eye-closure enhances creative performance on divergent and convergent creativity tasks”, but that and was research on one very specific cognitive load management task – not the practical toolkit of strategies and skills that I was looking for. 

There is so much more room for research on this area. As mentioned previously, as I struggled with finding materials I was reminded of Richardson’s claim that there were two visions for the future of education – one of them for teaching the old curriculum with new tools, and the other looking to discover (2012, Loc 265). Eight years after writing Why School? these search results make me worry that academic and research choices have for the most part chosen to stay with the status quo. Ultimately, I suppose it is not surprising that materials on the topic of cognitive load focus more on how to reduce the effects and effectively instruct someone to have them retain more information. However, with a transformative view of educational technology, I think it becomes more and more important for us to be able to TEACH students these strategies, rather than use them solely to manipulate their understanding of instructed materials. Kids need these strategies in their toolkits. 

What went well

I felt more at home in my research on the topic of digital storytelling. During my first course in the LIBE program, I stumbled across the 1994 Manifesto of the Public Library from the IFLA. That list, although 25 years old , made clear to me why being a Teacher-Librarian was something I was so interested in. So many of those missions of the library connect beautifully with digital storytelling:  

…3. providing opportunities for personal and creative development; 4. stimulating the imagination and creativity of children and young people; 5. promoting awareness of cultural heritage, appreciation of the arts, scientific achievements and innovations;… 7. fostering inter-cultural dialogue and favouring cultural diversity; 8. supporting the oral tradition;… 11. Facilitating the development of information and computer literacy skills…   

from the 1994 Manifesto of the Public Library by the International Federation of Library Association

I also thought it was particularly telling that the titles and abstracts of research papers and articles about the topic were sprinkled with words that seem lifted right from 21st century learning skills: words like co-creating, creativity, citizenship, culture, multilingual, modalities and connections to name only a few. When compared to results from my search for cognitive load management, results seem to come from a wider swath of the globe. Some results were focused on Indigenous Education or referenced specifically the importance of storytelling to other indigenous world cultures. Just this week, while sharing my focus for this class with a divisional colleague (who is currently working on their PhD in education in the area of the intersections between educational experience and race), I was forwarded two other journal articles that focused on the task of digital storytelling as a just way of working towards reconciliation, and as a way of respecting Indigenous oral traditions (Castleden et al, 2013, p. 495). This is important to me. I need what I do to bring voices to those who have not had them amplified historically. In digital storytelling I can provide 21st century skills alongside social justice. 

In terms of results, I had fewer for digital storytelling than I did for cognitive+load+management+children (just over 50 000), but the quality of the results and their applicability to my topic of study was significantly higher. I also had more luck with searches on Twitter and Google. Results tended to be more connected to my given topic, and more readable; I suppose that’s not surprising for a topic about storytelling. 

Applications

When reading through the literature about Digital Storytelling, I realized that there are probably hundreds of ways to develop this into projects and activities for the library and in my work with other classrooms. There definitely isn’t a one size fits all approach. In an ideal digital storytelling project situation, students are coming up with their own focus points, choosing from a wide range of tools and apps and troubleshooting as they go. It becomes impossible for a teacher to know all the answers, and I think matches up nicely with Richardson’s section entitled “Discover, don’t deliver, the curriculum”, in which he describes teachers as those who ask questions and guide the students along the different paths of their own learning (2012, Loc 426).  

“Kids want to be inspired by this idea that learning is important. But they don’t see it in schools.”

In the TEDx talk above, Azul Terronez tells us the things he has learned by surveying students about what makes a good teacher great. The more I learn and think about DST, the more I think that it helps us get to know and build relationships with students, while hitting curricular outcomes and teaching other important skills as well.

Conclusions

I left this assignment feeling like I had a good handle on the who, what, when, where, why of digital storytelling. How was a bit murkier, but with the shared examples of others and the benefits of time and experience I think that will come together. I found examples being created in many different courses and on many topics, which I hope will help me promote this method of learning and creation with my peers.

This is a scary shift for many people, especially those of us who probably succeeded at the game of school – and let’s be real, many teachers are likely teachers because school was a comfortable place for them, and the source of some of their best memories. This isn’t a bad thing – but sometimes it puts blinders on us when we need to make changes. And so, this is often the spot that I find myself coming back to –  how do I transition to this model? That’s the resource that I want to exist out there somewhere in a database. I want a how-to guide! I think I’m doing so now, but the going is slow. Coming into classes, sharing tools, asking supporting questions, planning activities in the LLC that model these shifts, working with teachers that are implementing these changes, and planning activities for the students in classes where those shifts aren’t happening are my chisel at the rock of traditional classroom teaching. 

Research Sources

Brailas, A. (2017). Digital storytelling in the classroom: How to tell students to tell a story. International Journal of Teaching and Case Studies1(1), 1. doi: 10.1504/ijtcs.2017.10003059

Kaupler, D. (2018). 30 Sites and Apps for Digital Storytelling. Tech & Learning39(3), 8. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=132130210&site=ehost-live&scope=site

Moradi, H., & Chen, H. (2019). Digital Storytelling in Language Education. Behavioral Sciences (2076-328X)9(12), 147. https://doi-org.wpl-dbs.winnipeg.ca/10.3390/bs9120147

Nam, C. W. (2017). The effects of digital storytelling on student achievement, social presence, and attitude in online collaborative learning environments. Interactive Learning Environments25(3), 412–427. https://doi-org.ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/10.1080/10494820.2015.1135173

NCTE. (2019, November 7). Definition of Literacy in a Digital Age. Retrieved from https://ncte.org/statement/nctes-definition-literacy-digital-age/

Powerful Tools for Teaching and Learning: Digital Storytelling. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.coursera.org/learn/digital-storytelling

Others Sources Referenced

Castleden, H., Daley, K., Sloan Morgan, V., & Sylvestre, P. (2013). Settlers unsettled: Using field schools and digital stories to transform geographies of ignorance about indigenous peoples in Canada. Journal of Geography in Higher Education, 37(4), 487-499. doi:10.1080/03098265.2013.796352

IFLA. (1994). IFLA/UNESCO Public Library Manifesto 1994. Retrieved from https://www.ifla.org/publications/iflaunesco-public-library-manifesto-1994

Richardson, W. (2012). Why school: how education must change when learning and information are everywhere.

Terronez, A. (2017, February 2). What makes a good teacher great? [Video File]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vrU6YJle6Q4

Cover Image Source

Light beams silhouette a human shape standing at the end of a digital tunnel.. [Photograph]. Retrieved from Encyclopædia Britannica ImageQuest.
https://quest.eb.com/search/107_299526/1/107_299526/cite

Reading Review Part B

Storytelling for the 21st Century

This week I was working with a class of Grade 7 students on a writing project. Like many teachers, I’ve always struggled with the fact that middle schoolers often join us with a pretty set view of themselves as writers. And for the most part – it isn’t such a great one. As I struggled for the hook to catch them, and hopefully help them take more risks with their work, I remembered a video that condensed the history of the planet Earth into 24 hours. In that video, we learn that in that super shrunk day, humans have only been around for one minute and 17 seconds.

Which got me to thinking: if the history of just homo sapiens was miniaturized into 24 hours, how long have we been able to read and write? While it seems like such a long time to us, we are (from an evolutionary perspective) only wee infants. So, I crunched some numbers and if we use pre-cuneiform writing of Sumerians (3400 BCE at its earliest estimated date) as the first instance of writing, humanity has only been able to read for 39 minutes! And even then, it was a very niche skillset. In fact, over half of the world’s population has only been considered literate since the 1950s, or for 30 seconds of those 24 hours.

I hope that my speech connected with some students, and helped them realize that their reading and writing skills are truly miraculous. I did heavily emphasize that the newness of these skills doesn’t in any way excuse you from working towards improving them – just that you can be a little bit kinder to yourself when things aren’t that easy.

But it also got me to thinking about how young our model of education is in terms of humanity. And how did we teach each other before reading and writing made this model possible? Through experience and story, which I hope is a thread that can be carried on as we move education towards its future.

The Assignment

After much of brainstorming, detailed in my last post here, I loosely nailed down my interest in doing some reading and research on digital storytelling, storytelling tools, multimodal forms and cognitive load management. I think that these terms could be combined into projects and activities that I could run in any classroom and/or course at my school. I’m especially drawn to the idea of digital storytelling, because I think it is just as possible to tell a story through coding, or podcasting, as it is through video applications, and that stories exist in ELA and Social Studies just as much as they do in Woods, Math and PE. There’s just something about the ways that stories bring us together that I’m drawn to – and I think it allows many ways for me to incorporate various technologies and applications. 

I decided to start with a search through academic journals and papers, and stumbled upon the following articles: 

What is Digital Storytelling?

1) “Digital Storytelling in Language Education”, by Hamzeh Moradi and Hefang Chen. Published December 9, 2019 in Behavioral Sciences 

Six steps for composing a digital story, as found on page six of the document.

This 10-page paper, written by university professors in Guangzhou, China gives the best academic overview of Digital Storytelling that I can find on the topic. With 37 referenced sources, which also provide some useful jumping off points of their own, this paper seeks to review the use and implementation of digital storytelling in education. It gives a basic definition, sets out the benefits, explains the stages, sets out the elements of effective examples, describes the steps for creating, and discusses the opportunities for enhancement of achievement in using DST in education. I think the article provides a good foundation of knowledge on the what and why, but it still left me wishing for more of the how and with what. So, onward I must go on my search. 

Why should I use DST?

2) “The effects of digital storytelling on student achievement, social presence, and attitude in online collaborative learning environments”, by Chang Woo Nam. Published January 2016 in Interactive Learning Environments 

This 17-page paper written by an education professor at Dong-A University in Busan, South Korea caught my eye because one of the conclusions from the previous article was about the lack of research into the effectiveness of the format. This research, although small in study size, followed two groups of middle school students taking a chemistry course. They were split into two groups; both being taught by the same instructor. The first group took part in an online collaborative digital storytelling unit of study, while the second was focused on conventional online collaborative learning. At the end of the study, students self-reported on a survey that was used to determine three factors potentially influenced by their modes of study: their achievement, social presence, and student attitudes. While showing no significant differences in terms of achievement and student attitudes, there was a significant difference in terms of social presence. The author noted significant evidence for improved interactivity, online communication and privacy. The author does note that other studies have shown impact on achievement and attitudes with DST. Nonetheless, it was interesting to see studies and statistics that imply that DST will help students move towards achieving so many aspects of NCTEs ‘Definition of Literacy in a Digital Age’. And doubtlessly, although there is no way to quantify it, the project allows students to meet these literacy goals in many other ways. 

With what do I make DSTs?

3) “30 Sites and Apps for Digital Storytelling”, by David Kaupler. Published October 2018 in Tech & Learning 

After reading and annotating my way through several longer academic articles and spending some time testing the waters of YouTube, this brief one-pager was truly a sight for sore eyes. As its title clearly sets out, this is more of a list of useful websites and tools for use in digital storytelling projects. Listed options include photo narration apps, comic creation tools, sock puppets, storyboarding support, animated film apps, and script writing tools. I really enjoyed how the list was hyperlinked. I’m sure that there are more tools out there since this was released onto the world a year and a bit ago, but most seem to be established programs/apps and none that I can see are out of business. There’s a good mix of free and paid tools as well. It will give me some good jumping off points for formats and applications to test drive with students. 

What can DST projects look like?

4) Twitter hashtag searches for #digitalstorytelling, by all those who Tweet. Published all the time on the internet 

I’ve been making a concerted effort to dig my way into educational Twitter since the course began (and I finally reset my lost Twitter password). I’ve decided that I particularly like being able to scan through and see recent posts. By searching the #digitalstorytelling hashtag I have been able to find some prominent Tweeters in the digital storytelling movement, as well as find finished examples that students have put out to the world. These projects are great to have in the toolkit to show students as they begin to brainstorm and make their own creations to tell their own stories.  The two tweets below give me examples of projects, as well as handy tips for troubleshooting during their creation.

https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js

How do I teach people to digital storytell?

5)“Digital storytelling in the classroom: how to tell students to tell a story” by Alexios Brailas. Published January 2017 in International Journal of Teaching and Case Studies 

After the rest of my digging around I had lots of ideas, but I was still at a loss for how to frame the process with students; and a handy Google search for “Digital + storytelling + classroom + outline” got me where I needed to go. The author shared many of my concerns and issues – many of the apps and technology required subscriptions that can be cost prohibitive, or required more time than would be available with a class. Thus, he settled on using Scratch and StoryboardThat as DST tools. While I would not probably set up assignments like these ones, I found it useful to gain insight into the thought process and steps that a teacher took while planning and engaging their students in DST work. 

Bonus – How do I make one?

6) “Powerful Tools for Teaching and Learning: Digital Storytelling” a Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) on Coursera.org from the University of Houston. 

I think I feel pretty okay with the idea of story-boarding and curating video, images and audio – but if I did not, I think that this would be an interesting use of my time in preparation (in practice I tend to be more of a try things out and troubleshoot as I go with students person, but for those who are not that type, this might be for them). I had heard the term MOOC in passing before, but it stuck out to me in Why School (Loc 118), and then while stumbling around on the internet here was another one directly connected to the topic I am interested in. The internet really does have everything. Maybe this is a task for my spring break? 

I still need materials regarding skills for Cognitive Load Management, but ultimately, I feel like this list is a good start on my interests. 

Until next week! 

Sources

Brailas, A. (2017). Digital storytelling in the classroom: How to tell students to tell a story. International Journal of Teaching and Case Studies1(1), 1. doi: 10.1504/ijtcs.2017.10003059

Kaupler, D. (2018). 30 Sites and Apps for Digital Storytelling. Tech & Learning39(3), 8. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=132130210&site=ehost-live&scope=site

Moradi, H., & Chen, H. (2019). Digital Storytelling in Language Education. Behavioral Sciences (2076-328X)9(12), 147. https://doi-org.wpl-dbs.winnipeg.ca/10.3390/bs9120147

Nam, C. W. (2017). The effects of digital storytelling on student achievement, social presence, and attitude in online collaborative learning environments. Interactive Learning Environments25(3), 412–427. https://doi-org.ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/10.1080/10494820.2015.1135173

NCTE. (2019, November 7). Definition of Literacy in a Digital Age. Retrieved from https://ncte.org/statement/nctes-definition-literacy-digital-age/

Richardson, W. (2012). Why school: how education must change when learning and information are everywhere. New York, NY: TED Conferences.

Cover Image Source

Zuni rock art that depict the celebration of corn planting and corn harvesting and how important the sun was to Zuni survival. [Photograph]. Retrieved from Encyclopædia Britannica ImageQuest.
https://quest.eb.com/search/110_364871/1/110_364871/cite

Bonus video for scrolling right to the end!

Reading Review Part A

What are common threads of humanity, and how do we keep them in education?

Growing up in small-town Manitoba, my K-5 education was not really so far removed from what my parents received. Sure, I didn’t start my schooling in a one room schoolhouse, as my parents did, but the teacher who taught my dad Grade Three was still around to teach me Grade Three-Four-and-Five in a seven-room schoolhouse. The main differences between my schooling and that of my parents were that:

  1. The teachers had access to a photocopier.
  1. The school had a TV on a cart, and you knew it was going to be a good day when they rolled that beauty into your room to watch Telefrancais and that weird pineapple told us he was a pineapple.
  1. There were only three grades in a classroom instead of eight.

Otherwise, most of how we were taught was pretty much the same – right down to Mrs. Johnson, the teacher. Spelling tests, World Book Encyclopedias, the rote memorization of facts, and learning that (for the most part) never left the four walls of our classroom.

The world has changed a lot since then, probably triggered by the fact that Mrs. Johnson retired.

I jest.

But more seriously, these changes are often the topics and areas that I am drawn to in terms of education. They are also topics that I imagine becoming focus points in education in the coming years. And many of them couldn’t even have been imagined 25 years ago. Some of them probably can’t even be imagined now.

My interests

Unlike the classroom of my childhood, where the computers in the school were the only computers anyone really had access to, today not everyone has the same access to resources. I see a growing divide in classrooms between those who have access to their own top-of-the-line devices, and those who are limited to the often lagging or broken laptops and other technological tools provided by the school. Significant access issues also exist between urban, rural and northern communities – leaving 10% of Canada’s population without high speed internet access according to a 2018 Auditor General’s report.

I see educator’s struggling to bridge the divide between older curriculums and expectations that are very fact heavy and outcome-based, the need to quantify student learning with a mark, and providing students with the opportunity for deep-learning which is so very difficult to boil down to a number. And frankly, that number or mark-based assessment ends up missing the point and not accurately representing the learning and growth made by students. When curriculums are shifting and changing with the times (like the New Grade k-8 ela curriculum in manitoba, which focuses heavily on digital literacies).

The conceptual framework of the New K-8 ELA Curriculum in Manitoba
Manitoba Education. (2019, October). English Language Arts Curriculum Framework: A Living Document. Retrieved January 7, 2020, from https://www.edu.gov.mb.ca/k12/cur/ela/framework/foundations.pdf

I see teachers struggling to make the shift between teaching outcomes in isolation and a more holistic view of learning. I would argue that there is significant room for improvement in how we teach students skills and strategies to help with Cognitive load management as they juggle between countless tabs and windows while bombarded by advertisements and the pull towards other tasks that release way more dopamine into their developing brains.

I see plenty of opportunity to connect with students around the world and to provide students with an audience well beyond the snowy city of Winnipeg, and opportunities to develop cross-cultural competency. The growth and development of empathy and understanding among people of different life experiences can hopefully come from these opportunities.

I am interested in multi-modalities and the multitude of ways we now have available to teach and share concepts with teachers and students. Digital storytelling and apps are an interest that ties in with this concept. I have a pet student ‘writing’ project in the library called The Write Company, and I’m really interested in growing its audience beyond staff and parents. I’ve been using Sway in Office365 for its production but am interested in all of the different Adobe Spark products, which I have not used yet; although we have access to themthrough a division subscription. I’m interested in expanding The Write Company to include different forms of writing, like digital multimedia and student projects. Check out our first issue this school here!

Here’s a brief video I made for PD about the building of our student writing ‘magazine’. I would love to find new apps to add to my toolkit.

And although sometimes I worry that we have moved too far past the point of no return on this topic, I’m interested in open source technologies, especially ones that aren’t limited to top of the line devices that need to be replaced every three years or the operating system is no longer updated/supported. Applications or programs that run across various operating systems would also be an interest.

I’m also interested in learning about how data from schools is used by major corporations such as Google and Microsoft.

School, divisional and provincial considerations

I teach in a Middle School/Junior High setting, so my interest would mainly be skewed to that age category – although I am always interested in seeing what elementary schools are up to because then we can scaffold and build on skills and strategies.

The division I teach in has a Standards for Success in Literacy document that has been a focus for professional development over the past several years. This tied in with a trial project at the Grade Four and Seven levels that has seen small sets of Microsoft tablets put in these grade level classrooms.

The division is also currently in the process of phasing out computer labs in K-8 learning environments. Laptop carts are also being slowly removed, and each homeroom is receiving six laptops. I hope that my exploration can some way assist teachers pedagogically as they move to a more Project Based and Inquiry learning model. This also needs to be kept in mind, because I am predicting that students will rely on their own personal devices more frequently under the new model, so using apps and programs that work across various Operating Systems is important. The 5-6 classrooms also have small banks of iPads, and there is a larger set that can be booked out of the library for all classes. 

I am fortunate to have a flexible schedule, which is great because the things that I explore with can be brought back into classrooms in project blocks with individual classrooms. What I choose to research should fit within this model. 

Potential Topics

Ultimately, because of school and division priority, my own personal interests, and the weighing of tech accessibility in classrooms, I am leaning towards a focus on digital storytelling. This topic lends itself to collaborative group projects, as a multitude of skills are necessary to complete a final project. I think that this fits very nicely with the new ELA curriculum in Manitoba, will give me the opportunity to support teachers in using new apps and can be tied together with Project Based and Inquiry Learning, and allows for the integration of multi-modalities. Because projects are digital in nature, I would like to learn about using Twitter as a tool to connect with others. I would also like this to tie in with skills regarding cognitive-load management that I could teach to students and teachers while working on projects. 

Search Terms

  • Benefits of digital storytelling 
  • Multimodal digital storytelling 
  • Empathy and storytelling
  • Empathy development and technology
  • Storytelling apps
  • Digital storytelling tools
  • Cognitive Load Management theory and skills
  • Open source educational software

Upon reflecting on this process, I think it is interesting that I have narrowed my focus down to some topics that are definitely very far removed from the classroom of my childhood. But yet, the common thread that holds these things together is something that has followed humanity since the beginning of language – stories.  I think that finding a way to connect these new skills and technologies to something so integral and ingrained in our history is a way for us to use these technologies and skills in meaningful and important ways. 

Sources Referenced

Government of Canada, Office of the Auditor General of Canada. (2018). Report 1-Connectivity in Rural and Remote Areas. Retrieved January 15, 2020, from https://www.oag-bvg.gc.ca/internet/English/parl_oag_201811_01_e_43199.html

Manitoba Education. (2019, October). English Language Arts Curriculum Framework: A Living Document. Retrieved January 7, 2020, from https://www.edu.gov.mb.ca/k12/cur/ela/framework/foundations.pdf

Pembina Trails School Division. (n.d.). Standards for Success in Literacy. Retrieved January 15, 2020, from https://www.pembinatrails.ca/Documents/Literacy Standards Brochure.pdf

Cover Image Source

Schoolhouse in Nebraska. [Photograph]. Retrieved from Encyclopædia Britannica ImageQuest.
https://quest.eb.com/search/139_1904308/1/139_1904308/cite